General İnformation About Kidney Cancer

Kidney Cancer

General Information

Red-brown in color, covered with a thin capsule kidneys are two organs in the form of beans. The kidneys are located at the rear of the upper abdomen. Rib and lower back muscles kemiklerince protected against external influences. Kidneys, blood, waste and toxic substances from the body by filtering the water spew out more minerals. Urine was filtered from the blood by the kidneys urine after the formation of the hollow tube called the ureter through the bladder (urinary bladder) is reached. Urine collected in the bladder, called the urethra out of the body through the other tube is a hollow urine is discarded.

 Renal tumors are divided into two groups: benign and malignant. The most common tumor in the kidney, simple renal cysts. Kidney cancer is a mass of benign cysts are completely different. Most of the time kidney cysts occurring randomly in no time does not threaten human life. Renal cysts are often not even require treatment, is sufficient only to watch.Kidney cancer (renal cell cancer) is a malignant tumor arising from the name given to the kidney. The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma. Kidney cancer is often advanced age (over 60 years) occurs. Some of the family at an early age can be seen in transitional species. Is more common in males than females. Early diagnosed and surgically placed and removed (nephrectomy) is very high chance of complete recovery. Cancer grows in the area around the lymph nodes, liver, colon and pancreas spread. In addition, other areas of the body by spreading through the blood and lymph cancer (bone, lung) can be accommodated.Less frequently in the kidney, transitional (transitional) cell tumors are seen. As in other parts of the urinary tract transitional cell bladder tumors are monitored and treated similarly.

Risk Factors

Type of cancer as well as many other reason for kidney cancer is not yet fully elucidated. Kidney cancer patients, studies have shown some of these factors may pose risks. High blood pressure (hypertension), being overweight for a long time to see factors such as kidney dialysis treatment have been reported in patients with cancer. Two-fold higher risk of kidney cancer in smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking cessation reduces the risk over time. We also have a relative in the family of kidney cancer increases the risk of developing kidney cancer. Occupational risk factors for the steel industry, the lead industry, the oil and shipping industry (asbestos) workers have an increased risk of kidney cancer. Finally, the high fat and calorie diet increases the risk.

Symptoms

The tumor was little cause to a complaint may not be very obvious in the early stages of kidney cancer. Diagnostic edilebilirse disease can usually be treated in this period. In other words, if diagnosed early treatment becomes much easier, as well as increasing the possibility of getting rid of cancer completely.In general, when the tumor is caused by the complaint and the tumor grows and spreads reached very large decreases the possibilities of treatment. Mass and pain in the kidney area, such as bloody urine, kidney cancer, as well as other cancers also develop symptoms that may be associated with loss of appetite, fatigue, weight loss, may be symptoms such as recurrent fever. These symptoms may be a sign of kidney cancer be caused by other problems such as infection. Cancer has spread to organs spread can be seen in the findings. For example, has spread to the lungs, cough, shortness of breath in patients with possible spread of the bone such as bone pain, brain spread those headaches can be symptoms such as paralysis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is often accidentally discovered renal mass screening for other reasons radiological diagnosis can be made. Book of the tumor is benign, but stay for good or bad, a method is not yet available. Therefore, until proven otherwise be considered kidney cancer diagnosed each group should go further analysis. Rarely both kidneys may show itself as more than one group. The patient's complaints, history, and subsequent research findings of the initial assessment to determine the doctor is very important.Blood and urine tests can be done at diagnosis. Even a small amount of urine examinations up to change the color of urine red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes) can be determined. To assess the relationship of adjacent structures and distant spread of the disease at diagnosis, the chest X-ray imaging techniques, intravenous pyelography (IVP), ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scintigraphy, positron emission tomography (PET) can be made.

Treatment

Treatment of renal tumor the patient's age, general health status, and are arranged according to the extent of the cancer. There are several treatment methods applied to kidney cancer. The gold standard for the surgical removal of the tumor in early stage cancers.Surgery: Surgical removal of the kidney is called nephrectomy and renal cancer, the standard treatment methods. Stage of the cancer, or kidney, depending on the size and number of the adrenal gland and is completely removed together with the surrounding layers (radical nephrectomy) or partial removal of the tumor (partial nephrectomy) surfaces. Other kidney is healthy kidney disease does not cause any problems for the health of the patient. Nephrectomy is the classical open surgery. But in recent years the so-called closed method using laparoscopic nephrectomy can be performed.Extracted from the tumor samples examined in the pathological type, character and is determined by the degree of spread. It gives information about the spill as well as the diagnosis is made. Sheath that surrounds the early stages of kidney cancer are limited. In this case no additional treatment is required. If the tumor is knocked out or the kidney out of the sheath is present elsewhere in need additional treatment after surgery.Radiotherapy (radiation therapy) with high-energy rays to kill cancer cells from outside the body is a treatment intended. A regional treatment. Radiation therapy has limited role in the treatment of kidney cancer, is not recommended as first-line treatment. Radiation therapy in some patients with advanced kidney cancer as well as other signs of bone pain due to involvement can be applied in order to eliminate.Chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells in a part of the name given. A single drug or several drugs used in combination. The effect of kidney cancer chemotherapy is limited and controversial. Widely used in patients with and distant spread.


Biological therapy (immunotherapy) is a method of treatment that uses the patient's immune system against cancer. Interferon and interleukin-2 from outside the body by giving drugs to strengthen the body's defense system. As a side effect of muscle pain, weakness, loss of attention, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. Patients themselves often feel very tired. Some of them are skin rash. These problems can be very serious, but at the end of treatment, these effects are lost.Hormone Therapy: used for advanced kidney cancer. Kidney cancer is the most commonly used hormone progesterone. Curing is not often used to reduce the symptoms temporarily. Weight changes, sweating and loss of water in the side effects.

Targeted Therapies: In recent years, a popular method of treatment. Only commonly used in patients with kidney cancer. Specifically targets the cancerous cells and other cells are not damaged. There are mechanisms that trigger cancer cell growth and proliferation. All of these mechanisms are not known. As far as I know, however, that cause cancer, drugs have been developed for silencing molecules. These molecules are responsible for communication intracellular signaling proteins and growth factors. Sunitinib and sorafenib targeted therapies are widely used around the world. Effectiveness of these drugs, and that we have already biological drugs such as interferon and interleukin-2 as is better.Also new tumor-specific small-vessel formation (angiogenesis) is intended to prevent the killing of the tumor by providing. The development of new blood vessels is important for the survival and growth of cancer. To do with a drug called bevacizumab preventing malnutrition as a result of the tumor neovasculature shown küçülebildiği cancer.Missed and hopeless in terms of life expectancy in patients with standard therapy of experimental treatment methods. Stimulating the immune system of patients against the tumor vaccine therapy, the administration of a substance based on the method. However, there is basically a matter of principle, to activate the immune system of the infected individual. In addition, another person (allogeneic) bone marrow transplant patients with a success has been achieved. However, this method still has not found widespread acceptance and usage.

Side effect

Side effects of treatmentSide effects of cancer treatment, treatment type, duration and vary depending on personal factors related to the patient.Nephrectomy is a major surgical operation. Pain and discomfort after surgery, the patient can be heard. However, caught in the early stages of healing can be achieved because the full potential patients can not afford injuries.Biological side effects of treatment depends on the type. These treatments are flu-like symptoms, muscle pain, weakness, loss of attention, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur. Patients themselves often feel very tired. When treatment of these problems can be very serious, but these effects disappear.Depends on the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In general, the rapidly growing cancer drugs affect blood cells and causes hair loss. Other side effects include severe malaise, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, immune system impairment, the side effects on blood cells counted. In some patients, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores and taste changes can cause weight loss.